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Survey Research, Experiments, and Depth Interviews as Methods for Studying Political Psychology Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Most outstandingly, survey research and experiments method can be considered to have more strengths than the weaknesses. In that case, the method is considered practical and more efficient in terms of studying political psychology. In its implication, the points of strength outshine the points of weakness, a factor making the technique enhanced than the use of depth interviews method. In terms of definition, depth interviews are a practical qualitative data compilation method that is mostly used in the study of political psychology. Depth interviews are therefore, valuable towards the study of political psychology (Maddux, 2005, P. 67). However, it is quite considerable to note that this method has some basic strengths and weaknesses like any other method of study in political psychology. In terms of its strengths, depth interviews are most suitable for situations in which one wants to inquire open-ended questions that draw out a depth of information. Through the use of open ended q uestions, which form the basis of this method helps to shed light on the study of political psychology in due course (O Shea, 2002, P. We will write a custom essay sample on Survey Research, Experiments, and Depth Interviews as Methods for Studying Political Psychology or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page 39). This is an implication that this method allows the interviewer to intensely explore the respondent s perspectives and feelings on the area under discussion.

reserve army of labour Essay - 1804 Words

Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.(Wikipedia) It seems quite often that women are unlikely to have top jobs (glass celling),and they are paid less in spite of doing the same workforce with men. Moreover, it is women who accept most part-time works and fill in those special areas like cashing (horizontal segregation). So, some experts suggest that in twenty-first century, women can be regarded as a ‘reserve army of labour’, prepared to get into the market when it is required. This essay will critically examine this idea by inducing several theories on women and work like Marxist views, and evaluate them afterwards. It is true that women are at an inferior status in the†¦show more content†¦For example, as a considerable amount of women looking for job when being unemployed, the wage level would automatically decreases, even the counterpart-men’s labour market could be affected, for which the capitalists are willing to see. The traditional idea implies that women within a family should take care of children, do the housework whenever needed, which probably leads to a scattered timetable. In this case, if housewives want a career, they have no choice to take but part-time jobs. This Marist theory, in the first place, explains a lot about women taking part-time jobs but with the common drawbacks of communism’s point of view- they ignores the attempts made by governments and the change of thoughts for time being. The validity of other well-publicized post-Fordist hypotheses, however, is less clear. Time-series evidence suggests that the proportion of workers who are part tim e has increased (Tilly, 1996), though most of this increase is due to the increased proportion of workers who are women. Similarly, the radical feminism argues external factors are to blame. Differ from Marxist view, they thought men’s exploitation on women causes the disadvantage. Males intimidate women from senior positions using sexual harassment in order to protect their own interests and intimidate women as well. Any challenge trying to defeat men’s dominance in working environment wouldShow MoreRelatedMarx Theory Of Reserve Army Of Labour1500 Words   |  6 Pages, rather than reducing migration, economic development increases migration. Marx theory of reserve army of labour is central to what he has to say about capitalism and workers wages; the proletariat. Most migrants in society today migrate to the US and end up working in factories where they manage machinery. Marx theory illustrates how capitalist industries consists of two parts - the machinery and the workers. Capitalist industries expand by sukingin their workers to operate the machinery, uppingRead MoreOutline and Asses the Feminist Explanations of Gender Inequalities897 Words   |  4 Pagescolour. All groups of feminists also believe that women are subordinated due to patriarchy, (the idea that males are dominant). Firstly, liberal feminists, such as Ann Oakley argue that gender role socialisation is responsible for sexual division of labour. Girls and boys are socialised in different ways. For example girls are encouraged to take on caring roles, which could lead to them having jobs such as nurses in the future. 3 agents of socialisation- the family, the school and the media have anRead MoreThe Principle Of Population By Thomas Malthus1471 Words   |  6 Pagesthe population, titled the reserve army of labour. The reserve army of labour refers further to the unemployed and under employed in a capitalist society and as such conveys that in fact there is a surplus amount of labour that could be utilised. Marxist argued this through â€Å"Big industry constantly requires a reserve army of unemployed workers for times of overproduction. The main purpose of the bourgeois in relation to the worker is, of course, to have the commodity labour as cheaply as possible, whichRead MoreSociology Using Ma terial from Item a Assess Sociological Explanations of Gender Inequality in Todays Society‚Äà ´1452 Words   |  6 Pagesroles whereas men where suited for the instrumental roles of society. He believed men suited pair employment whereas women were meant to do domestic duties. He wasn’t surprised that women are paid less as they are less motivated and less suited to the labour market. Which shows inequality in gender ,as women are seen to be the homemakers according to some sociologists. Some economists believe that the pay gap is justified as it shows that fact that men have more human capital as they have greater orientationRead MoreIs Marx Or Weber More Useful?1524 Words   |  7 Pagesis attached to a critical position (Craib, 1997). Both Marx and Weber agreed on the uniqueness of capitalism as an economic system. 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Gradually into the war, political leaders realized that the rapid and decisive war they had originally hoped for would be not achieved and that the FirstRead MoreA Brief Note On Workers Creating Their Own Exploitation1637 Words   |  7 PagesSection 03 September 20,2014 Workers Creating Their Own Exploitation In a modern society we are led to believe that there is a fair exchange taking place when workers(working force?) sells their labour-power ( Gary Lapon, 2011.).( define this) Karl Marx believed that the working class were being exploited through laborious jobs. In today’s society wages are determined by the current cost of living within provinces across Canada. Usually the wageRead MoreCharles James Simmons1175 Words   |  5 Pageshe embraced the ‘warm, human, inspiring’ variety of socialism he recognized in the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and the Labour Churches (Simmons, 17). Churchill’s deployment of troops to Birmingham during the 1911 Transport Strike completed Simmons’ alienation from the Liberal Party. In January 1911, swayed by Robert Blatchford’s writings, he enlisted in the Worcester Regiment, Fifth (Special Reserve) Battalion. At annual camp when war was declared in 1914, he was on active service in FranceRead MoreThe Various Structures Of Empires And Global History1650 Words   |  7 Pagesearliest of empires. The Roman empire effectively used a strong army that conquered areas and took slaves for agricultural work. The Romans made strategic decisions about who were going to be slaves and those that would have limited rights (Laxer, p. 26 – 27), thus dividing the population and conquering vast amounts of land (Class Notes, Feb, 7). As with the Roman empire, the European empires understood that in order to expand the supply of labour needed to be tightly controlled; the development of the slave

Cancer Is Not A Single Disease - 1692 Words

Cancer has been an undeniably terrible disease and with no known way to prevent cancer it has taken the lives of many and has no intentions to cease. Cancer, defined by The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine, is â€Å"Not a single disease but a group of about 100 diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, many of which form masses (tumors), and the ability of those cells to spread by way of the circulatory and lymphatic systems from the original site to distant parts of the body, invade other tissues, and form new tumors† (245). Cancer can affect any part of the body and hence which part it affects is used as an adjective for cancer, e.g., breast and lung cancer is cancer of the breast and lungs, respectively. For each area of the body where a tumor grows, can be more serious than another. This is because the tumor may pressure an organ or rest on a blood vessel that which will inhibit regular bodily functions. Cancer can be caused by a plethor a of things, i.e. mutation through viruses, chemical or radiations, carcinogens. Mutation, a type of evolution, is any change in the nucleotide sequence of a cell’s DNA (Reece 199), this may come about by having a virus, exposure to certain chemicals and radiation, after the mutation, there is no reversing it and hence can be transferred genetically to any children. A carcinogen defined by Encyclopedia Britannica is, â€Å"any of a number of agents that can cause cancer in humans,† which leads to mutation. AfterShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer Is Not Just A Single Disease? Essay1486 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is not just a single disease. It may come in different types. One particular type and the most common is the invasive ductal carcinoma or the infiltrating ductal carcinoma. This is cancer that invades the surrounding breast tissues as it breaks through walls of the milk duct. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is another type of cancer. This is non-invasive, me aning it does not spread to the surrounding breast tissues. Another type is the triple negative breast cancer. This happens whenRead MoreEssay on How Cancer Effects the Cells, the Body, and their Offspring918 Words   |  4 Pages Have you ever wondered how cancer forms? Well, cancer starts when a cells DNA becomes altered. When the DNA is altered, the cells reproduce without restriction and do not die like a normal cell. These extra cells form a mass of tissue that is a tumor. Cancer forms in the genes of our cells, and is able to be carried in the offspring of the person with cancer. The cells are the basic units of life. Cells contain DNA that make up genes. Genes are instructionsRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. 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Therefore, it is vital for patients with a known primary tumour to undergo imaging studiesRead MoreOur Cells Are The Building Blocks Of Our Body1274 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Our cells are the building blocks of our body. With them we are able to fight off infections, diseases and heal us when we are damaged. Like all things our cells are also the base for some of mankind’s worst disease like cancer. But if we are able to getter a better grasp of what our cells are, how they act and why. We might one day be able cure diseases before they begin. There is said to be some 12,000 genes contained in eukaryotic cells, these cells need toRead MorePhysical And Treatment Of Cancer1556 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy, diagnosis and treatment of various forms of cancer. The Memorial hospital accommodates 471 beds, a 72,000-square-foot surgical center and state-of-the-art outpatient treatment center (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 2015c). 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These extra cells form a mass of tissue that is a tumor. Cancer forms in the genes of our cells, and is able to be carried in the offspring of the person with cancer. The cells are the basic units of lifeRead MoreComparison Of Parkinsons Alley By Christopher Hitchens And Parkinsons Disease1203 Words   |  5 PagesAlley† by Joy Horowitz, and â€Å"Topic of Cancer† by Christopher Hitchens, the authors explain the fact that the causes for cancer and Parkinson’s disease are not proven to be known. Joy Horowitz also points out; more and more research is being done each day to better the understanding of these terrible diseases. Although Parkinson’s disease and cancer are completely different diseases, they are astonishingly similar. Illnesses like cancer and Parkinson’s disease directly or indirectly affect everyone’s

Critical Issues of Business and Management

Question: Discuss about the Critical Issues of Business and Management. Answer: Introduction: The Australian retail industry has one of the largest amounts of employees; around 10.7% of the total working population are employed there. To examine the issues, regarding business and management, one has to assess the internal contextual factors that have an impact on a business decision making. In this essay, the Australian retail company Woolworths Limited, which is one of the key players of the industry, is critically analysed. The retail industry has always been competitive, which led to better access, lower prices and rapid improvement ("Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). Here, the essay analyses the emergence of the particular organization, the influence of the environment forces on the company, and the several risks related to a business in the light of the business practices of Woolworths Limited. Woolworth Limited is an extensive retail company in Australia that deals with the communities to attend sustainable livelihood, also provides the opportunities in empowering future generation. The first store of Woolworths was opened in 1924 in Sydney, as a basement outlet. Through the application of the right business policies, now it has a 31% market share and became one the largest supermarket chain in Australia. The company deals as a food, Petrol and Liquor Consumer and general commodities retailer and functions in the hospitality and graining region. There are over 800 stores and around 1, 90,000 employees to serve almost 13 million customers a day ("Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). The concerning aim of the company is to offer quality products in lower prices through the Quality Assurance Programme and by resourcing the majority of unprocessed materials from Australia and New Zeeland. The retail company has also expanded globally and it has joint venture agreement with an Indian superstore chain TATA and generated the sales revenue of $104 million in the financial year 2007-08 (Cant, Wild Sephapo, 2016) Woolworths is one of the few companies in the market that offers organic products to the consumer, and this company only has its nearest competitor Coles, and both controls 23% of the Australian market. The emergence of the retail company is due to few socio cultural developments affecting the awareness of the consumers. (Dwivedi et al., 2012) The influence of the internal and external environment has a deep impact on the companys work procedure. The impact can be illustrated with a SWOT Analysis, consists of the identification of the organization strengths, flaws, opportunities and threats both externally and internally, affecting the society in a large amount. The primary strength of Woolworths Limited is that, it is one of the pioneers in the retail industry and one of the oldest one to introduce the modern trade model, therefore, it is a well-known name on a global basis. It also deals with well-accepted brands like, Lady Bird, Chad Valley. Woolworths also operates several subsidiaries like Entertainment UK. The resources of the company is influenced by the external situation that implements a minimized Carbon Footprint and finds cost efficient ways to reduce packaging and achieved zero food wastage by 2015 ( Arli et al., 2013) Besides the strengths of the retail company, Woolworths also has few weaknesses that affect the ability of dominating the Australian market. The Australian Government restricted its movement to keep the higher price of the goods in association with Coles. This is the most important weakness, the brand has, in support with its higher development levels (Holt, 2013) The major opportunity with Woolworths Limited is that, the retail industry is a blooming one across Australia and has a good development potential. The factors like advances in supply management, computerisation, and consumer lifestyle have an effect on the abilities of the retailers and leads to better opportunities to expand in the market. Woolworths has already initiated few strategies of retailing to cope up with the changing requirements of the consumers (Cant et al., 2016). The threats that may hinder the Woolworths Group are the increasing costs of the raw materials from both food and non-food may have an adverse impact on the profit margin of the company. The economic recession may also hold back the overall growth policy of opening more stores; neck-to-neck competitions by other international companies like the Coles Supermarket, TESCO, ALDI, WALMART, Macro Wholefoods Ltd, etc. The major threat to Woolworths is the expansion of low-priced supermarkets such as Aldi and the escalation of other large international rivals (Zutshi et al., 2016). ALDI has more than 10 percent but Woolworthss is still ahead with its profit margin of greater than 5 percent in food and liquor. The rival companies have been operating in these markets for a long time and so it is obvious that there will be further margin pressure and price-cuts within the retail industry in Australia (Shine Lee, 2015). The Risk and Compliance Committee of Woolworths Group provides assistance to the board in ensuring that the management body has an effective risk management process acknowledge the company in an incorporated manner. The management is responsible for identifying and managing risks. Management forums are established to ensure that the management with proper and efficient skills and experience deals with the risks. The Group has formulated its 3-years growth strategy based on the new Lean Retail operating model. The program concentrates on three essential areas developing customers and market shares, improving efficiency and its cost position (Santos, Padin Hogvold, 2015). Woolworths revised its value and price strategy which involves lower pricing, improved ranging, new strategy for improving its own brands and improved offers to customers so that they put Woolworths first. In order to retain its position in the market, Woolworths has established a new segment namely, Woolworths Food Co. This new division is under the responsibility to develop categories of fresh and new products, improve the supply of fresh meat and improve the processing facilities, and rebuilding relationship with the primary industry partners of Woolworths Group. One of the strategies of Woolworths is to redecorate 8- of its stores per annum for the future. The refurbishment shall be designed based on the preferences of the customers and priority shall be given to areas where the customer potential is the maximum (Rollins, 2014). Woolworths Group has announced that its food strategy would enhance the existing strength of the company as the largest domestic online retailer in Australia and New Zealand. The online pricing has been associated with store pricing and locations will be established for the dive-through for the better convenience of the customers. The companys investment in the customer offer will be based on the cost management policies ( Methner, Hamann Nilsson, 2015). The use of advanced and greater technology and innovative offers shall make shopping more convenient and enjoyable for the customers. The company promised that by implementing the 3-years strategy plan it will be able to serve all customer sections with the aid of multi-channel approach. This will ultimately help the company to make decisions according to the tastes and preferences of the customers. The organisations need sustainable development to survive in the competitive market. The prime factor of sustainable development is, having a vast range of product, which will do justice to the brand image of the company. The company Woolworths Limited has a broad chain and brand under them, which shows that they have a good organisational structure. The organisational structure includes Woolworths Online, Safeway, Food for Less, Flemings, Thomas Dux Grocer and Macro Whole foods (Holt, 2013). The company has also diversified its production in Liquor, Petrol, Hotels, General Merchandise and daily services (Cant, Wild Sephapo, 2013). Woolworths has become the renowned superior market chain in Australia because of its acquirement and the capability of expanding the business. In a recent analysis it is seen that it hold a share market of 31% (Dwivedi et al., 2012). Woolworths having various brands and diversified organisations under them but its supermarket industry returns back the mos t revenue in terms of sale. It has a vast area of expansion of organisations that make the geographic coverage wide. Woolworths has 3200 stores opened in Australia and New Zealand. 80 of those supermarkets are running in Australia and 156 supermarkets are running in New Zealand (Arli et al., 2013). In the fiscal year 2011, Woolworths Earning before paying Income tax was around $3.3 billion. This analytical data suggested that Woolworths is financially stable, consistent and strong which made them the top class organisation in the world (Jie, Parton Chan, 2013). In Australia, retail is not a smart industry centre as it is highly competitive and has low profit. Woolworths still manages to have a sales growth around 10.7% due to its planned business model and great functionality of management (Lewis Huber, 2015). Woolworths through its organized process of business has widely expanded its business amongst its customer and suppliers. The company worked according to its strength and integrated multiple activities in an inventive ways. Woolworths emphasized on flexible operations by combining and coordinating the multiple activities. The company aims on providing innovative product, which helps them to achieve the growth in a highly competitive market. Woolworths laid emphasis on keeping the commitments to its customer and have goodwill with them (Rollins, 2014). They also have the employee satisfaction and can retain the experienced employees, which helps them to achieve the desired growth. The main reason behind the growth and getting hold of the market is having the policy of Fair price, which increases the footfall of the customers in their supermarkets. Woolworths should imply correct steps for support and skilled employees by adding personal development training for them (Arli et al., 2013). The company has certainly good growth in terms of sales and earnings revenue but it should have an objective to implement listening, thinking, acting process, which increases more satisfaction for the customers (Rollins, 2014). This learning process helps to develop innovative ideas in attaining the customer satisfaction. Woolworths certainly have the best policies for attaining growth in a competitive market but it should lay more emphasis on employee satisfaction and development. Reference List Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R., Soldo, E. (2013). Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy| Ventura,16(1), 27-46. Cant, M. C., Wiid, J., Sephapo, C. M. (2016). Key Factors Influencing Pricing Strategies For Small Business Enterprises (SMEs): Are They Important?.Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR),32(6), 1737-1750. Dwivedi, A., Merrilees, B., Miller, D., Herington, C. (2012). Brand, value and relationship equities and loyalty-intentions in the Australian supermarket industry.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,19(5), 526-536. Frederick Rose, J., Hawryszkiewycz, I., Kang, K. (2014). When and how to facilitate the introduction of new knowledge processes in organisations.VINE: The journal of information and knowledge management systems,44(2), 210-227. Holt, G. D. (2013). Construction business failure: conceptual synthesis of causal agents.Construction Innovation,13(1), 50-76. Jie, F., Parton, K., Chan, C. (2015). Australian beef supply chain integration: case studies of the two largest Australian supermarkets.International Journal of Supply Chain and Operations Resilience,1(2), 121-138. Lewis, T., Huber, A. (2015). A Revolution in an Eggcup? Supermarket Wars, Celebrity Chefs and Ethical Consumption.Food, Culture Society,18(2), 289-307. Methner, N., Hamann, R., Nilsson, W. (2015). The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. InThe Business of Social and Environmental Innovation(pp. 87-104). Springer International Publishing. Rollins, A. (2014). Health checks don't belong on shopping list.Australian Medicine,26(13), 14. Santos, M. D., Svensson, G., Padin, C., Hgevold, N. M. (2015). Corporate risk exposure by implementing sustainable business practices-an African case.International Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalisation,6(3), 223-235. Shin, S., Lee, S. H. (2015). Effects of Business Environmental Factors on 4P Mix of Eco-friendly Textile in Textile Fashion Firms.Fashion business,19(2), 36-52. Zutshi, A., Zutshi, A., Creed, A., Creed, A., Holmes, M., Holmes, M., ... Brain, J. (2016). Reflections of environmental management implementation in furniture.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,44(8), 840-859. Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. (2016). Woolworths Online. Retrieved 19 December 2016, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/Shop/Discover/about-us

Management Health and Social Care

Question: Produce an essay discussing the development of health and social care policy within the United Kingdom? Answer: The Department of Health (DH) is the ministerial department of the Government of United Kingdom and is responsible for setting up policies on social care and health issues in the United Kingdom. It oversees the English National Health Service (NHS). The Department of Health develops guidelines for improving the care quality and meeting the expectations of the patients. Some health care and social care policies have been put in place for improving the quality of the lives of the people, and the changes that they have brought have been significant (Valderas, Fitzpatrick and Roland, 2012). The present writing discusses the development of the welfare of the state and explores the development of health policy in reference to influential factors, that is, ethics, law, culture and religion, economics and politics. The closer integration of social care and health care has topped the priority goal for policies of successive governments of the United Kingdom for over 50 years. Several financial and policy tools have been taken up, but the overall progress has been found to be limited and patchy. This attributes to a variety of reasons that includes culture differences, dissimilar ways of working, accountability arrangements, funding and different regulatory regimes for assessing the performance of the organizations present to look after the health and social welfare of the people of the country. Attempts have been made to ensure that people get access to the right services at the right time and the right place. Successive governments in the last few decades have used several measures to bring reforms in health and social care. The financial crash, taking place in 2008 and election of 2010 has steered the interests of policy makers towards the need of integrated care and making of this aspect as t he foundation for further policies (Humphries, 2015). Some influencing factors make a great impact on the development of health and social care policy in the country. How such influence occurs is a topic of concern, and it would be a good idea to throw light on this aspect. The first aspect that draws attention in context to health policies is ethics. Ethical considerations make up a large part of the debate regarding what new incorporation needs to be made in the new health care policies. Chief in between these is tension between collective welfare or collectivism and individual choices. Such tensions are found to be in many debates cropping up in the field of health care services, like end of life, reproductive technology and health inequalities. With each passing year, health care professionals are facing new ethical dilemmas while delivering health care services. New policies in health care are being set up in England keeping in mind not to get into any controversy regarding maintenance of ethics (nuffieldtrust.org.uk, 2015). Legal aspects come second in the list of influential factors. In the United Kingdom, medical device legislation and clinical safety directives impact the solutions adhered to for brining changes in health policies. Healthcare regulators are in the need for more information to provide a license to the care providers (Gostin and Sridhar, 2014). Social issues make up a significant point in the context of health policies in the United Kingdom. In the western countries, there is a great influence of social concerns on health conditions as a whole. For example, an increase in health conditions like obesity and diabetes, along with an aeging population has a marked impact. There is an irresistible desire to deliver integrated care. This refers to the integration of delivery of care, like coordination of care, self-care, home care and care scheduling. Genuine healthcare business issues need to be solved immediately. Policies are made on the basis of the urgency to combine financial, clinical and administrative information (Bleich et al. 2012). Economics of the country is not far behind in making an impact on health policies. The economy of Europe is one of the recession or low growth sectors for the future. Therefore, there is less requirement for big government IT contracts. On the other hand, IT is taken up as the means of making efficiency savings. The looming information strategy from the Department of Health has chances of stressing this. All trusts in the country are finding it difficult to have an adequate control over costs. An estimation has been made that the total health IT that is spent in the country would reach to nearly 3 billion dollars by the year 2016, and it would be a 12% increase from what the situation was in the year 2010. Therefore, policies are made keeping this aspect in mind (Sandford, 2014). Next comes the need of focusing on political issues. There is a new coalition Government in the country that has committed to cut public spending (Lowndes and Pratchett, 2012). Thus, policies are reset for reducing cost. Lastly, attention needs to be given on religious and cultural influence on health policies. He influence of religion on healthcare has a long history. It has gained more prominence recently. Formulation of health care policies is surely underscored by several tensions regarding the features of the state, democracy and the impact of religion. There are no means of escaping the fact that religion requires people following a certain faith to access to particular health care services. The health issues that has gained attention in the context of religious beliefs are mental health and women care. Special attention needs to be given while making policies on such health issues (nef-europe.org, 2015). For a better understanding of the impact of influential factors on health policies, it would be a good idea to discuss the Health and Social care Act 2012. This Act was taken up for safeguarding the needs of the NHS to meet the challenges faced by it. This Act puts clinicians at the focus of commissioning, gives chance to innovate and empowered patient, thereby giving a new focus to public health. There are several factors that have influenced the change made in the policy. The rising demand for healthcare services and treatment costs is the most important influential factor. The constant need for bringing improvement in health care comes next in line. Public finances had made a considerable issue. The government had protected the NHS budget, thereby giving rise to a tight funding settlement while making the Act. Important legislative changes have been noticed in the Act. These include Clinically led commissioning, Provider Regulation to support innovative services, Greater voice for patients, New focus of public health, Greater accountability locally and nationally and Streamlined arms-length bodies (gov.uk, 2015). In conclusion, it can be said that brining changes in health and social policies is not an easy task and several barriers coming from the political, social and economic field makes a mark in influencing such policies in modern times in the United Kingdom. Policymakers must consider all the factors for brining significant changes in policies so that the aim of delivering the highest quality of care to the people of the country is fulfilled. References Bleich, S.N., Jarlenski, M.P., Bell, C.N. and LaVeist, T.A., 2012. Health inequalities: trends, progress, and policy.Annual review of public health,33, p.7. Gostin, L.O. and Sridhar, D., 2014. global health and the Law.New England Journal of Medicine,370(18), pp.1732-1740. gov.uk, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/138257/A1.-Factsheet-Overview-240412.pdf [Accessed 17 Dec. 2015]. Humphries, R. (2015). Integrated health and social care in England Progress and prospects.Health Policy, 119(7), pp.856-859. Lowndes, V. and Pratchett, L., 2012. Local governance under the coalition government: Austerity, localism and the Big Society.Local government studies,38(1), pp.21-40. nef-europe.org, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.nef-europe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/NEF-RelDem-RELIGION-HEALTHCARE-Final.pdf [Accessed 17 Dec. 2015]. nuffieldtrust.org.uk, (2015). 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